1. Prohibition of discharge of oil and oil mixtures from ships: if any discharge of oil or oily mixture from ship into Singapore water, the master, the owner and the agent of the ship will be guilty of an offense. The fine will be not less than $1000 and not more than $1M or imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or both.

If any oil residues discharge from ship into Singapore water, the master, the owner will be guilty of an offense and fined not exceeding $1M

2. Prohibition of discharge of noxious liquid substance from ships: if any discharge of a noxious liquid substance or mixture of noxious liquid substances from ship into Singapore water, the master, the owner and the agent of the ship will be guilty of an offense. The fine will be not exceeding $20000 or imprisonment not exceeding 6 months or both.

3. Prohibition of discharge of garbage wastes, effluents, plastics & dangerous pollutants

from ships: if any deposal or discharge of refuge garbage, waste matter, trade effluent, plastics or marine pollutant in packaged form from ships ship into Singapore water, the master, the owner and the agent of the ship will be guilty of an offense. The fine will be not exceeding $20000 or imprisonment not exceeding 6 months or both.

4. Prohibition of discharge of ballast water and sediment from ship: If any discharge of ballast water or sediment from ships ship into Singapore water, the master, the owner and the agent of the ship will be guilty of an offense. The fine will be not exceeding $20000 or imprisonment not exceeding 6 months or both.

Risk Assessment:

.RISK ASSESSMENT .ra .risk .risc

How do you do the R/A?

Answer: – Risk management is a step by step process for controlling health & safety risk caused by hazards in the work place. Following are the steps for doing the R/A

1. Identify hazard

2. Assess the risk

3. control the risk

4. Record of findings.

5. Review the control.

Identify hazard: Look around the workplace& think about what may cause harm. Think about How people work & how plant & equipment are used.

• What chemicals & substances are used.

• What safe or unsafe work practices exist.

• The general state of your premises.

Assess the risk: Once identified the hazard decide how likely it is that someone could be harmed & how serious it could be. This is assessing the level of risk.

Control the risk: Look at what you are already doing and the controls you already have in place.

• Redesigning the job

• Replacing the material,

• Organize the work to reduce exposure to the materials, machinery or process.

• Identifying & implementing practical measure needed to work safe machinery or

process.

• Providing PPE & making sure worker wear it

Record your finding; including

• The hazard (things that may cause harm )

• Who might be harmed and how

• What you are doing to control the risk

Review the control: Must review the controls that have put in place to make sure they are working.

Explain risk assessment matrix

Risk = Likelihood x Severity

Likelihood:

1. Rare

2. Unlikely

3. possible/ Moderate

4. Likely

5. Certain

Severity:

1. Insignificant

2. Minor

3. Moderate/Significant

4. Major

5. Death / Severe

Level of risk–

• 1~ 2- very low

• 3~4-Low

• 5~9-Medium

• 10~ 12- High

• 13~ 16 – Very high

• 17~ 25- Extreme.

Probability / Likely hood

1. Rare: Unlikely to happen and/or have minor or negligible consequences

2. Unlikely: Possible to happen and/or to have moderate consequences.

3. Moderate: likely to happen and /or to have serious consequences.

4. Likely; Almost sure to happen and/or to have major consequences.

5. Certain: Sure to happen and /or have major consequences.

Impact/ Severity

1. Insignificant: Won’t cause serious injury. or illness

2. Minor: Can cause injuries or illness, only to a mild extent.

3. Significant; Can cause injuries for illness that may require medical attention, but

limited treatment

4. Major: Can cause irreversible injuries or illness that require constant medical

attention

5. Severe: Can result in fatality.

• 1 ~ 4: Acceptable: No further action may be needed and maintaining control measure is

encouraged.

• 5~9: Adequate: May be considered for further analysis.

• 10~ 16: tolerable: Must be reviewed in a timely manner to carry out improvement Strategies.

• 17~25: Unacceptable: Must implement immediate action. Cease in activities & endorse for immediate action.